What is a Horse Race?

Horse race is an event in which horses compete in a race over a set distance. It is considered a sport of the upper classes, with participants wearing fine clothes and sipping mint juleps as spectators watch. Behind this romanticized facade, however, is a world of injuries, drug abuse, gruesome breakdowns, and slaughter. The sport requires horses to be pushed to extreme limits, and many suffer from a condition known as exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage, in which the lungs rupture during intense exercise. The animals are also subjected to cocktails of legal and illegal drugs that can mask injuries or enhance performance.

Despite these problems, Thoroughbred racing remains popular around the world. The sport has a long history, with archaeological evidence of racing in Ancient Greece, Rome, and Babylon. In the Middle Ages, it was an important source of income for Europe and the United States. Today, it is a multibillion-dollar industry that provides jobs for more than 200,000 people worldwide.

In the earliest races, match races were held between two or three horses, with the owners providing the purse and bettors placing wagers on one horse to win against another. These agreements were recorded by disinterested third parties, who became known as keepers of the match books. The first match book was published in 1729, and it eventually became known as the “Racing Calendar.”

The most prestigious flat races, such as the Prix de l’Arc de Triomphe, Melbourne Cup, Japan Cup, Epsom Derby, and Kentucky Derby are run over distances that range from five miles to ten miles. Each distance requires a combination of speed and stamina. To train for such a demanding competition, trainers must spend up to four hours a day on grooming and conditioning their equine athletes.

When a horse is so far ahead of its opponents that the jockey can relax his grip on the reins, it is said to be winning hands down. This confidence in victory can make a race more exciting to watch and can draw in bettors, but it can also lead to accusations of steroid use by some horses.

Scholars have begun to study the impact of horse-race reporting, in which news outlets present polling data as a probability that a candidate will win over another. They have found that such coverage increases cynicism toward politics, especially among young people who are most susceptible to its effects. It is also likely to discourage voting, as the public may decide not to vote when they think their chosen candidate has little chance of winning. These findings are especially troubling for independent and third-party candidates, who may be unable to compete with the resources of major news outlets. However, there are ways to minimize the negative impact of horse-race reporting. By focusing on the facts, and by using a variety of sources, newsrooms can give their readers the most accurate possible picture of a race. They should also be wary of using probabilistic forecasts, which can be misleading and distort the true picture.

Personal Data Exported From Hong Kong Under the PDPO

Many data privacy regimes include some form of extra-territorial application. However, the PDPO only extends to personal data that is collected by or processed in Hong Kong by a person who is defined as a “data user”. The definition of data user is very broad and encompasses any individual or entity who controls any aspect of the collection, holding, processing or use of personal information.

The PCPD also requires that a data user expressly informs a data subject on or before the collection of personal data of the purposes for which it is intended to be used, as well as the classes of persons to whom the data may be transferred. This obligation to expressly notify the data subject is fulfilled by means of a PICS, which must be provided to each individual at the time of collection. The PICS must also contain the name or job title, and address of the individual who will handle any request for transfer of personal data.

Once an organization has the necessary PICS in place, it is relatively easy to satisfy the obligations for the transfer of personal data under the PDPO. If a business intends to transfer personal data from Hong Kong to another jurisdiction, it should carry out a “transfer impact assessment” of the foreign jurisdiction in order to verify that the law is adequate. A transfer impact assessment is not mandatory under the PDPO, but there are a growing number of circumstances in which businesses will need to engage in one in order to facilitate a personal data transfer.

This is because the PDPO defines personal data as any information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person. A significant amount of the information transferred by data users will be personal data, even if it is not personally identifiable.

If the data exporter’s transfer impact assessment reveals that the foreign jurisdiction’s legislation and practices are not adequate, it will be necessary for the data exporter to take supplementary measures before transferring the personal data. These might involve technical measures such as encryption or pseudonymisation, or contractual provisions imposing obligations on audit, inspection and reporting, beach notification and compliance support and co-operation.

The PCPD has published a set of recommended model contractual clauses, which are designed to accommodate two scenarios, namely the transfer of personal data between a data user and its own data processor, and the transfer of personal data between two entities both of which are data users. In these models, the data processor must undertake not to process or hold the transferred personal data in any place outside Hong Kong other than places agreed with the data user. In addition, the data processor must not disclose any of the transferred personal data to anyone without the consent of the data user. In addition to these provisions, the data processor must also impose a series of other security and safeguards on the transferred personal data that are similar to those required under the PDPO.